Road And Highway Maintenance
Definisi bagi penyenggaraan jalanraya adalah kerja yang dilakukan untuk menjaga dan memperelokkan pada bahagian jalan yang telah siap dibina dan kerja untuk mengawal kerosakan serta memastikan jalan dalam keadaan yang selamat untuk pengguna jalanraya.
Terdapat beberapa objektif utama penyenggaraan jalanraya iaitu :
a. Menjamin jalan yang di bina itu boleh tahan lama.
b. Menjaga jalanraya untuk kegunaan trafik.
c. Memperbaiki perjalanan sistem trafik
d. Mengawal kadar kerosakan jalan.
e. Memastikan tahap perkhidmatan jalan berada dalam keadaan yang baik.
Topic 2 : Foundation
3.1 Introduction Loading in buildings consist of the combined dead and imposed load which exert a downward pressure upon the soil on which the structure is founded. This in turn prompts an active force in the form of an upward pressure from the soil. The structure is in effect sandwiched between these opposite pressure thus the design of the building must be able to resist the resultant stresses set up within the structural members and the general building fabric. Hence supporting subsoil must be able to develop sufficient reactive force to provide stability to the structure to prevent failure due to unequal settlement and to prevent failure of the subsoil due to shear. 3.1.1 Definition of Foundation A foundation is the base on which a building rests and its purpose is to safely transfer the load of the building to a suitable subsoil. 3.2 Choice of foundation type The choice and design of foundation for domestic and small types of buildings depends mainly on two factors. The total load...
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