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Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Jabatan Kejuruteraan awam C 4302 Highway and Transportation Engineering Assignment 2 1. Highways are designed to meet the requirement of vehicle, driver and traffic. What important aspects of human behavior must be considered in the geometric design og highways? (15 m) 2. Discuss the important of a transition curve in the horizontal alignment from the viewpoint of driver comfort , superelevation requirements and pavement widening at corners. (15 m) 3. Traffic island are widely used in junction design to promote junction traffic safety. With the aid of sketches , illustrate some examples on use of traffic islands to promote traffic safety at Tee-junctions. (20 m)

http://www.mhd.state.ma.us/downloads/designGuide/CH_4_a.pdf

For setting out joints see the paper 'Basic Setting Out 1' here and follow the articles through. When you have cut down the shoulders of a tenon properly, removed the waste of a halving and chopped out a mortise all these skills are repeated for most of the other types of joints. Remember to cut the shoulder lines with a sharp knife and 'vee' it partially to get a good joint. A tight joint is not needed, just fitted well. If it is too tight the glue will be forced out and any minor imperfection will throw the frame out and into 'winding'. There are numerous 'rules' for beginners and improvers to learn and at times it seems like there are too many. They are not my rules. The 'rules' however, are the techniques handed down as the most effective way of doing things. They reduce your error and allow you to work more efficiently and above all - safely. Later when you have learnt the techniques and you work effectively you may fin

Sila cari "Arahan Teknik Jalan 8/86" di internet dan copy. Banyak benda yg boleh dibuat rujukan terkandung di dalamnya. Harap maklum.

Access control is the condition where the right of owners or occupants of abutting land orother persons to access, inconnection with a road is fully or partially controlled by the public authority. Full Control of Access mean that preference is given to through traffic by providing access connecting with selected public roads only and by prohibiting crossings at grade or direct private driveway connections. Partial Control of Access means that preference is given to through traffic to a degree that in addition to access connection with selected public roads, there may be some crossings trafficked roads, at grade intersections should be limited and only allowed at selected locations. To compensate for the limited access to fully or partially access controlled roads, frontage or service roads are sometimes attached to the sides of the main roads. In Non Control Access , there is basically no limitations of access.

The design standard is classified into seven groups (R6,R5, R4,R3,R2,:R1 & R1a) for rural areas and into seven groups (U6,U5,U4,it3,U'2,U1,& Uta) for urban areas. These are in descending order of hierarchy. (a) Standard. R6/U6 : Provides the highest geometric design standard for rural or urbanareas. They usuallyserve long trips with high speed of travelling, comfort and safety.It is always designed with divided carriage way and with full access control. The Rural and Urban Expressway falls under this standard. (b) Standard. R5/U5: Provides also high geometric standard and usually serve long to intermediate trip lengths with high to median travelling speeds. It is usually with partial access control, The Highway, Piimary Road and Arterial falls under this standard. (c) Standard R4/U4: Provides medium geometric standard and serve intermediate trip lengths with medium travelling speeds. It is also usually with partial access control. The Primary Road,Secondary Road, Minor Arte

Horizontal Alignment (i) Minimum Radius The following formula is used in determining the required. minimum radius for the curves. R = V2 / 127(e+f) Where R = Minimum radius of curve in meters V = Design speed, in km/hr e = Maximum rate of superelevation J- = Maximum allowable side friction factor. Table 5-11 gives the minimum radius that are to be used in design. Flattercurves should always be used wherever possible. There is no necessity to provide any transition (spiral) curves.

TUTORIAL 1 QUESTION 1 Calculate the Vertical offset at the point of intersection of the tangents. Gradients -2%, -4% Length of parabolic curve = 1000m (10 m) QUESTION 2 Design the Junction that you think is needed in front of the gate Polytechnic Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, Dungun. (10 m) HANTAR PADA KELAS AKAN DATANG : 20.9.2011

SOALAN 1 Namakan Empat (4) Jenis-jenis alat pengesan yang boleh digunakan bagi menjalankan kajian isipadu lalulintas. (4 markah) SOALAN 2 Berikut adalah data-data kajian kelajuan setempat dari sekumpulan pelajar Politeknik di bandar Sungai Buloh. Kelas kelajuan (km/j) 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 Kekerapan (f) 2 5 9 14 10 6 Tentukan min, mod, median dan sisihan piawai berdasarkan maklumat tersebut. (13 markah)

BAB 3 : REKA BENTUK GEOMETRI Reka bentuk geometri jalan raya merujuk kepada komponen jalanraya yang fizikal sahaja termasuk: - Reka bentuk penjajaran datar - Reka bentuk penjajaran tegak - Reka bentuk keratan rentas - Reka bentuk persimpangan searas - Reka bentuk persimpangan bertingkat Tujuan reka bentuk geometri Mengabungkan unsur-unsur fizikal jalan raya dengan kehendak atau cirri pemandu serta kenderaan - mengurangkan kemalangan - mengurangkan kelengahan - menyatukan jalan raya dengan alam sekitar - menentukan keupayaan menanggung muatan. Piawaian rekabentuk geometri jalan raya Digubal oleh JKR - Arahan teknik (Jalan) 8/86 ‘A Guide on Geometric Design of Roads’ - Arahan teknik (Jalan) 11/87 ‘A Guide to the Design od Grade Intersections’ - Arahan teknik (Jalan) 13/87 ‘A Guide to the Design of Traffic Signals’ - Dan lain-lain lagi Piawaian Lembaga Lebuhraya Malaysia - Interurban toll expressway system in Malaysia (ITESM)- Design Standards digubal oleh perunding Itali. Faktor yang dia

BAB 2 EKONOMI PENGANGKUTAN NILAI BERSIH SEMASA (NET PRESENT VALUE) -Menilai samada suatu skim itu berbaloi dengan menentukan nilai pasaran tahun dasar pada projek cadangan. - kos dan faedah yang terlibat di masa tahun hadapan akan di nilai dengan proses discounting untuk memberi nilai bersih semasa. - Lebih tinggi nilai NPV, lebih besar faedah daripada Projek yang dijalankan. - Projek besar mempunyai nilai NPV lebih tinggi. - Untuk perbandingan A dan B, hendaklah lakukan Discounting ke tahun semasa dulu barulah banding dan buat penilaian. Dua formula digunakan:- 1. Single Payment (Bayaran Tunggal) Bayaran secara terus, sekali sahaja. Sn = P (1 + i) n @ P = Sn (1+i)n Dimana : P = Nilai pokok yang dikeluarkan pada permulaan analisis. Sn = Nilai akan datang pada tahun n. i = Kadar Faedah Contoh: Dalam jangkamasa 20 tahun, nilai baki bagi sebatang jalan raya adalah RM 150,000. Kira nilai masa kini dengan kadar faedah 8 %. P = S

BAB 2 EKONOMI PENGANGKUTAN - Penilaian ekonomi dapat membezakan beberapa alternatif dengan maksud dapat mengenalpasti suatu projek yang memberi keuntungan . Tujuan: 1. Mengenalpasti bahagian-bahagian aktiviti jalanraya yang boleh dijimatkan. 2. Mengurangkan perbelanjaan tanpa menjejaskan kualiti perkhidmatan. 3. Menentukan samada sesuatu skim itu berbaloi dari segi ekonomi. 4. Menolong pemilihan suatu cirri-ciri rekabentuk 5. mendapat maklumat yang membantu penilaian berbanding dengan skim-skim dan cadangan yang terbaik. Komponen-komponen Kos Pengangkutan i) Kos pembinaan- kos tanah kos Bahan kos buruh kos perkhidmatan kos landskap kos struktur berkaitan ii) Kos Penyenggaran –turap semula - penandaan jalan - kos bahan - kos landskap iii) Kos O

Kajian Pengangkutan yang dilakukan dalam proses perancangan pengangkutan 1) Kajian asalan –tujuan 2) Kajian isipadu 3) Kajian laju setempat 4) Kajian laju perjalanan dan kelengahan 5) Kajian meletak kenderaan Kajian asalan –tujuan Kegunaan Data-data O-D a) Menentukan bahawa bilangan lalu lintas yang melintasi sesebuah bandar itu besar jumlahnya dan seterusnya merancang sebatang jalan pintas sekira amat diperlukan oleh para pengguna jalan raya. b) Menentukan setakat mana sistem jalan raya yang sedia ada itu mencukupi atau tidak bagi memudahkan kerja merancang dan menyediakan kemudahan terbaru. c) Menentukan kedudukan terbaik sesebuah jambatan atau terminal pengangkutan baru yang akan dibina nanti. d) Memastikan tempat-tempat meletak kenderaan yang sedia ada mencukupi atau tidak. e) Membina model-model pengangkutan bagi memudahkan proses perancangan pengangkutan bandar diteruskan dan dilaksanakan, seperti untuk memastikan sama ada kemudahan pengangkutan yang harus disediakan pada masa in

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There are four basic system categories: 1 Central chilled water air conditioning systems - All Air Systems 1.1 Single zone 1.2 Reheat 1.3 Variable Air Volume 1.4 Dual Duct 1.5 Multizone 2 Central chilled water air conditioning systems - Air-and Water Systems 2.1 Induction 2.2 Fan Coil 2.3 Two-pipe 2.4 Three-pipe 3 Central chilled water air conditioning systems - All Water Systems, including cooling towers which can also be applied to systems 1, 2 above 3.1 Fan-coil units 3.2 Central chilled water air conditioning system with fan coils and other devices 3.3 Water cooling tower 4 Direct expansion Systems [i.e. direct expansion of refrigerant, without the chilled water cooling medium ] 4.1 Window air conditioners 4.2 Unitary and Rooftop Air Conditioners 4.3 Split type and package air conditioning systems 4.4 Heat pumps

Emergency Maintenance, also called Reactionary Maintenance, is where a service request is generated after something breaks or is damaged. This is something that needs to be completed soon, to limit disruption to the operations and appearance of the facility. This work is scheduled to be completed as quickly as possibly.

Preventive maintenance (PM) has the following meanings: 1. The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects. 2. Maintenance, including tests, measurements, adjustments, and parts replacement, performed specifically to prevent faults from occurring. Preventive maintenance can be described as maintenance of equipment or systems before fault occurs. It can be divided into two subgroups: * Planned maintenance * and condition-based maintenance. The main difference of subgroups is determination of maintenance time, or determination of moment when maintenance should be performed. While preventive maintenance is generally considered to be worthwhile, there are risks such as equipment failure or human error involved when performing preventive maintena

Planned Preventative Maintenance ('PPM') or more usual just simple Planned Maintenance (PM) or Scheduled Maintenance is any variety of scheduled maintenance to an object or item of equipment. Specifically, Planned Maintenance is a scheduled service visit carried out by a competent and suitable agent, to ensure that an item of equipment is operating correctly and to therefore avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime. Together with Condition Based Maintenance, Planned maintenance comprises preventive maintenance, in which the maintenance event is preplanned, and all future maintenance is preprogrammed. Planned maintenance is created for every item separately according manufacturers recommendation or legislation. Plan can be based on equipment running hours, date based, or for vehicles distance travelled. Good example of PM program is car maintenance. After so many kilometers or miles oil should be changed, parts renewed,... Planned maintenance has some advantages over Conditi

Level of maintenance that requires planning, allocation of significant amount of time, and high degree of coordination between different departments, and is typically initiated through a work order.

The purpose of an effective preventative maintenance plan is to achieve the following five key goals: • Preserve taxpayers’ investments in public buildings. Preventive maintenance can extend the life of building components, thus sustaining buildings’ value and the significant tax dollars they represent. • Help buildings function as they were intended and operate at peak efficiency, including minimizing energy consumption. Because preventive maintenance keeps equipment functioning as designed, it reduces inefficiencies in operations and energy usage. • Prevent failures of building systems that would interrupt occupants’ activities and the delivery of public services. Buildings that operate trouble-free allow public employees to do their jobs and serve the public. Because preventive maintenance includes regular inspections and replacement of equipment crucial to operating a building, maintenance staff reduce the problems that might otherwise lead to a breakdown in operations. • Sustain a

Building systems that will be included in the maintenance program include: 1. Structural systems 2. Roofing systems 3. Exterior envelope including windows, caulking, stucco, paint 4. Air conditioning, heating, and ventilation systems 5. Elevators and escalators 6. Electrical switchgear, lighting, power distribution, emergency generators 7. Plumbing systems 8. Fire sprinkler systems and pumps 9. General housekeeping and janitorial 10. Pavements and grounds 11. Utilities 12. Swimming pools and other amenities

How to Schedule Building Maintenance Proper building maintenance is imperative to keeping a business or apartment building suitable for occupation and keeping it a sound investment. A comprehensive building maintenance schedule to address any repair issues as well as preventative maintenance will ensure your tenants will stay as happy as your profit margins are high. 1. Inspect the building. You should have a professional building inspector visit and do a complete assessment of the building from interior and exterior to plumbing and heating. He will give you a detailed list of the areas that need improvement as well as give you an idea of which projects should be prioritized. In some cases, he may be able to estimate repair costs. 2.List your repairs. Write each area of the building along the top of a piece of paper, such as plumbing, interior, exterior, electrical and appliances, then write down each repair under its appropriate category. This gives you an idea of which areas ne

Tugasan 2 C3001 Soalan; Kerja-kerja perobohan bangunan merupakan suatu kerja yang amat mencabar dan memerlukan kepakaran di dalam perlaksanaannya. Anda dikehendakki membuat kajian di internet tentang kerja-kerja perobohan yang telah dilakukan oleh kontraktor-kontraktor yang terkemuka. a. Sila senaraikan dan terangkan secara ringkas tentang jenis-jenis perobohan yang ada dan kaedah-kaedah perobohan yang digunakan. b. Sila pilih salah satu daripada jenis dan kaedah perobohan yang didapati dari kajian anda dan huraikan tentang kelebihan2 dan kelemahan yang terdapat dalam kaedah perobohan tersebut. Tarikh Hantar : 8 Feb 2011

Tugasan 1 C 3001 DKA3S4 Soalan; Dalam pembinaan bangunan komersial, sistem pencegahan kebakaran merupakan suatu element yang wajib diadakan pada sesebuah bangunan tersebut. Jenis-jenis sistem pencegahan kebakaran adalah berbeza dengan fungsi dan kegunaan bangunan. Anda dikehendaki membuat kajian tentang sistem-sistem pencegahan kebakaran yang terdapat di dalam kampus PSMZA. Sila sertakan gambar-gambar dan juga plan lokasi yang berkenaan sebagai sokongan tambahan terhadap tugasan anda. Tarikh hantar : 25 Januari 2011

Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Jabatan Kejuruteraan awam C 4302 Highway and Transportation Engineering Assignment 1 1. Highways are designed to meet the requirement of vehicle, driver and traffic. What important aspects of human behavior must be considered in the geometric design og highways? (15 m) 2. Discuss the important of a transition curve in the horizontal alignment from the viewpoint of driver comfort , superelevation requirements and pavement widening at corners. (15 m) 3. Traffic island are widely used in junction design to promote junction traffic safety. With the aid of sketches , illustrate some examples on use of traffic islands to promote traffic safety at Tee-junctions. (20 m)

Check out this SlideShare Presentation: Pencegahan Kebakaran View more presentations from mokhtar .

Tugasan 1: Kejuruteraan Tapak "Sampling" boleh dilakukan secara tidak terganggu, diuji di situ dalam keadaan asal ataupun dalam keadaan terganggu. Terangkan dengan jelas dan tentang teknik-teknik pensampelan yang menggunakan kaedah lubang jara (boreholes) TUGASAN INI ADALAH SECARA BERDUA. ( 2 ORANG SATU KUMPULAN ) TARIKH HANTAR : 7 HARI KULIAH. BERMULA 9 JAN 2011